loading...| Preferred Name | Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade | |
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| Definitions |
Toll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens. It is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and an O-polysaccharide of variable length (often more than 50 monosaccharide units). LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response in humans, causing reactions including fever, headache, nausea, diarrhoea, changes in leukocyte and platelet counts, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiorgan failure, shock and death. All these reactions are induced by cytokines and other endogenous mediators which are produced after interaction of LPS with the humoral and cellular targets of the host. In macrophages and dendritic cells, LPS-mediated activation of TLR4 triggers the biosynthesis of diverse mediators of inflammation, such as TNF-alpha and IL6, and activates the production of co-stimulatory molecules required for the adaptive immune response. In mononuclear and endothelial cells, LPS also stimulates tissue factor production. These events are desirable for clearing local infections, but when these various mediators and clotting factors are overproduced, they can damage small blood vessels and precipitate shock accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Authored: de Bono, B, 2005-08-16 10:54:15 Reviewed: Gay, NJ, 2006-04-24 16:48:17 Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-11-30 |
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| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0022307 |
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| comment |
Toll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens. It is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consists of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and an O-polysaccharide of variable length (often more than 50 monosaccharide units). LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response in humans, causing reactions including fever, headache, nausea, diarrhoea, changes in leukocyte and platelet counts, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiorgan failure, shock and death. All these reactions are induced by cytokines and other endogenous mediators which are produced after interaction of LPS with the humoral and cellular targets of the host. In macrophages and dendritic cells, LPS-mediated activation of TLR4 triggers the biosynthesis of diverse mediators of inflammation, such as TNF-alpha and IL6, and activates the production of co-stimulatory molecules required for the adaptive immune response. In mononuclear and endothelial cells, LPS also stimulates tissue factor production. These events are desirable for clearing local infections, but when these various mediators and clotting factors are overproduced, they can damage small blood vessels and precipitate shock accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Authored: de Bono, B, 2005-08-16 10:54:15 Reviewed: Gay, NJ, 2006-04-24 16:48:17 Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-11-30 |
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| definition source |
Reactome, http://www.reactome.org |
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| label |
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade |
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| located_in | ||
| prefixIRI |
HINO:0022307 |
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| prefLabel |
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade |
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| seeAlso |
GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0008063 Reactome Database ID Release 43166016 ReactomeREACT_6894 |
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| subClassOf | ||
| has_part |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009157 |