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Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF) Standard Ontology
| Preferred Name | choline | |
| Synonyms |
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium Choline cation Choline ion N N-trimethylethanaminium 2-Hydroxy-N Cholinum Bilineurine N-trimethylethanolamine CHOLINE ION trimethylethanolamine N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline choline |
|
| Definitions |
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. (PubChem) Pharmacology: This compound is needed for good nerve conduction throughout the CNS (central nervous system) as it is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is also needed for gallbladder regulation, liver function and lecithin (a key lipid) formation. Choline also aids in fat and cholesterol metabolism and prevents excessive fat build up in the liver. Choline has been used to mitigate the effects of Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Choline deficiencies may result in excessive build-up of fat in the liver, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, kidney and liver dysfunction and stunted growth. Mechanism of action: Choline is a major part of the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine's role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to all of the basic biological processes: information flow, intracellular communication and bioenergetics. Inadequate choline intake would negatively affect all these processes. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. It is noteworthy and not surprising that choline deficiency in cell culture causes apoptosis or programmed cell death. This appears to be due to abnormalities in cell membrane phosphatidylcholine content and an increase in ceramide, a precursor, as well as a metabolite, of sphingomyelin. Ceramide accumulation, which is caused by choline deficiency, appears to activate Caspase, a type of enzyme that mediates apoptosis. Betaine or trimethylglycine is derived from choline via an oxidation reaction. Betaine is one of the factors that maintains low levels of homocysteine by resynthesizing L-methionine from homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, as well as other cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters and requires choline for its synthesis. Adequate acetylcholine levels in the brain are believed to be protective against certain types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Lipotropic Agents. Micronutrient. Nootropic Agents A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. |
|
| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15354 |
|
| alternative label |
Bilineurine N-trimethylethanolamine CHOLINE ION trimethylethanolamine N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline choline
|
|
| charge |
+1
|
|
| createdDate |
May 12, 2010
|
|
| database_cross_reference |
DrugBank:DB00122 PMID:18786520 PMID:22961562 KEGG:D07690 ECMDB:ECMDB00097 PMID:20038853 PMID:20446114 KNApSAcK:C00007298 Wikipedia:Choline PMID:16210714 PMID:14972364 PDBeChem:CHT PMID:7590654 KEGG:C00114 HMDB:HMDB0000097 PMID:23733158 Reaxys:1736748 MetaCyc:CHOLINE PMID:19246089 PMID:18204095 CAS:62-49-7 YMDB:YMDB00227 Beilstein:1736748 PMID:18786517 PMID:22770225 PMID:18230680 PMID:12826235 PMID:23616508 PMID:17344490 PMID:12946691 PMID:17087106 PMID:6420466 PMID:10930630 PMID:23637565 Gmelin:324597 PMID:17283071 PMID:23095202 Drug_Central:3097 PMID:9517478
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|
| definingCitation | ||
| definition |
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. (PubChem) Pharmacology: This compound is needed for good nerve conduction throughout the CNS (central nervous system) as it is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is also needed for gallbladder regulation, liver function and lecithin (a key lipid) formation. Choline also aids in fat and cholesterol metabolism and prevents excessive fat build up in the liver. Choline has been used to mitigate the effects of Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Choline deficiencies may result in excessive build-up of fat in the liver, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, kidney and liver dysfunction and stunted growth. Mechanism of action: Choline is a major part of the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine's role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to all of the basic biological processes: information flow, intracellular communication and bioenergetics. Inadequate choline intake would negatively affect all these processes. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. It is noteworthy and not surprising that choline deficiency in cell culture causes apoptosis or programmed cell death. This appears to be due to abnormalities in cell membrane phosphatidylcholine content and an increase in ceramide, a precursor, as well as a metabolite, of sphingomyelin. Ceramide accumulation, which is caused by choline deficiency, appears to activate Caspase, a type of enzyme that mediates apoptosis. Betaine or trimethylglycine is derived from choline via an oxidation reaction. Betaine is one of the factors that maintains low levels of homocysteine by resynthesizing L-methionine from homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, as well as other cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters and requires choline for its synthesis. Adequate acetylcholine levels in the brain are believed to be protective against certain types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Lipotropic Agents. Micronutrient. Nootropic Agents A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
|
|
| formula |
C5H14NO
|
|
| has characteristic |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50904 |
|
| has exact synonym |
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline choline
|
|
| has role |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50904 |
|
| has_alternative_id |
CHEBI:13985 CHEBI:23212 CHEBI:41524 CHEBI:3665
|
|
| has_obo_namespace |
chebi_ontology
|
|
| has_related_synonym |
Bilineurine N-trimethylethanolamine CHOLINE ION trimethylethanolamine N,N,N-trimethylethanol-ammonium
|
|
| id |
CHEBI:15354
|
|
| in_subset | ||
| inchi |
InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1
|
|
| inchikey |
OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
|
| label |
choline
|
|
| mass |
104.17080
|
|
| monoisotopicmass |
104.10699
|
|
| notation |
CHEBI:15354
|
|
| note |
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. (PubChem) Pharmacology: This compound is needed for good nerve conduction throughout the CNS (central nervous system) as it is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is also needed for gallbladder regulation, liver function and lecithin (a key lipid) formation. Choline also aids in fat and cholesterol metabolism and prevents excessive fat build up in the liver. Choline has been used to mitigate the effects of Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Choline deficiencies may result in excessive build-up of fat in the liver, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, kidney and liver dysfunction and stunted growth. Mechanism of action: Choline is a major part of the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine's role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to all of the basic biological processes: information flow, intracellular communication and bioenergetics. Inadequate choline intake would negatively affect all these processes. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. It is noteworthy and not surprising that choline deficiency in cell culture causes apoptosis or programmed cell death. This appears to be due to abnormalities in cell membrane phosphatidylcholine content and an increase in ceramide, a precursor, as well as a metabolite, of sphingomyelin. Ceramide accumulation, which is caused by choline deficiency, appears to activate Caspase, a type of enzyme that mediates apoptosis. Betaine or trimethylglycine is derived from choline via an oxidation reaction. Betaine is one of the factors that maintains low levels of homocysteine by resynthesizing L-methionine from homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, as well as other cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters and requires choline for its synthesis. Adequate acetylcholine levels in the brain are believed to be protective against certain types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Lipotropic Agents. Micronutrient. Nootropic Agents A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
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|
| preferred label |
choline
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|
| prefLabel |
choline
|
|
| smiles |
C[N+](C)(C)CCO
|
|
| synonym |
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium Choline cation Choline ion N N-trimethylethanaminium 2-Hydroxy-N Cholinum
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| subClassOf |
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