loading...| Preferred Name |
lysophosphatidic acid |
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| Synonyms |
LPA |
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| Definitions |
A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. |
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| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132742 |
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| database_cross_reference |
PMID:7768880 Lysophosphatidic acid, a multifunctional phospholipid messenger. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA1(1); 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate),is the simplest of all glycerophospholipids. While LPA has long been known as a precursor of phospholipid biosynthesis in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, only recently has LPA emerged as an intercellular signaling molecule that is rapidly produced and released by activated cells, notably platelets, to influence target cells by acting on a specific cell-surface receptor. The list of biological responses to LPA is quite diverse, ranging from induction of cell proliferation to stimulation of neurite retraction. The mitogenic activities of LPA have been best studied in fibroblasts. As with peptide growth factors, induction of DNA synthesis by LPA requires its long term presence in the medium LPA, but not peptide growth factors, can mimic serum in inducing invasion of carcinoma and hepatoma cells into monolayers of mesothelial cells. The underlying mechanism is not clear but may well involve both increased cell adhesion and enhanced cell motility. Many mitogens activate the p85/p110 phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in their target cells and so does LPA. LPA-induced PI 3-kinase activity has been found in 3T3 cells (Ref. 44; but see ref. 45 for conflicting data) and in megakaryoblastic cells. Whatever its precise link to the LPA receptor and physiological function, PI 3-kinase does not seem to be essential for mitogenic signaling, since microinjection of a neutralizing antibody does not affect LPA-induced DNA synthesis. PMID:20118541 Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that is known to exhibit chemotactic activity toward a variety of cancer cells. However, its effect on the immune system has not been studied extensively. Another lipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), has been shown to influence lymphocyte recirculation by regulating lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs. In this study, we found that LPA inhibits spontaneous migration of mouse splenic lymphocytes through a chemorepulsive effect. We also demonstrated that LPA inhibits chemokine CCL21-induced lymphocyte migration. This inhibitory effect on CCL21-induced migration was observed for both T and B cells. The involvement of a receptor, LPA(1), LPA(2) or LPA(3), in the inhibition of the CCL21-induced migration was confirmed with a synthetic agonist, oleyl thiophosphate. Considering that the signaling by CCL21 through cognate receptor CCR7 contributes to lymphocyte homing and dendritic cell trafficking to lymph nodes, LPA may play a role as a key regulator of these processes. The inhibitory effect of LPA is in remarkable contrast to the effect of S1P receptor signaling, which is known to potentiate lymphocyte chemotaxis involving CCR7. MeSH:C032881 |
|
| definition |
A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. |
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| has role | ||
| has_exact_synonym |
LPA |
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| label |
lysophosphatidic acid |
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| prefixIRI |
CHEBI:132742 |
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| prefLabel |
lysophosphatidic acid |
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| subClassOf |