National Cancer Institute Thesaurus

Last uploaded: February 23, 2024
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Preferred Name

Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
Synonyms

Sulphonylurea Antidiabetic Agent

Sulfonylurea

Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
Definitions

Sulfonamide urea derivatives with antihyperglycemic activity. Sulphonylurea antidiabetic agents bind to sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1), the subunit of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium (IKATP) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells, thereby blocking the inward current flow (influx) of positively charged K+ ions into the cell. This results in tonic membrane depolarization, and induces a calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels; increased intracellular calcium ion levels trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This eventually induces secretion of insulin. The IKATP channels found in pancreatic islets are complexes of four IKATP 6.2 and four SUR1 subunits. In addition, some sulfonylureas of larger molecular size may increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
ID

http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C97936
code

C97936
Concept_In_Subset

http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C157711

http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C177537
Contributing_Source

GDC
DEFINITION

Sulfonamide urea derivatives with antihyperglycemic activity. Sulphonylurea antidiabetic agents bind to sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1), the subunit of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifier potassium (IKATP) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells, thereby blocking the inward current flow (influx) of positively charged K+ ions into the cell. This results in tonic membrane depolarization, and induces a calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels; increased intracellular calcium ion levels trigger exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. This eventually induces secretion of insulin. The IKATP channels found in pancreatic islets are complexes of four IKATP 6.2 and four SUR1 subunits. In addition, some sulfonylureas of larger molecular size may increase the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
FULL_SYN

Sulphonylurea Antidiabetic Agent

Sulfonylurea

Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
Is_Value_For_GDC_Property

http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C99532
label

Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
Maps_To

Sulfonylurea
Preferred_Name

Sulfonylurea Antidiabetic Agent
prefixIRI

Thesaurus:C97936
Semantic_Type

Chemical Viewed Functionally
UMLS_CUI

C3273710
subClassOf

http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C29711
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