Phase II conjugation

Edited: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01 Phase II of biotransformation is concerned with <b><i>conjugation</i></b>, that is using groups from cofactors to react with functional groups present or introduced from phase I on the compound. The enzymes involved are a set of transferases which perform the transfer of the cofactor group to the substrate. The resultant conjugation results in greatly increasing the excretory potential of compounds. Although most conjugations result in pharmacological inactivation or detoxification, some can result in bioactivation. Most of the phase II enzymes are located in the cytosol except UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), which are microsomal. Phase II reactions are typically much faster than phase I reactions therefore the rate-limiting step for biotransformation of a compound is usually the phase I reaction.<br>Phase II metabolism can deal with all the products of phase I metabolism, be they reactive (Type I substrate) or unreactive/poorly active (Type II substrate) compounds. With the exception of glutathione, the conjugating species needs to be made chemically reactive after synthesis. The availability of the cofactor in the synthesis may be a rate-limiting factor in some phase II pathways as it may prevent the formation of enough conjugating species to deal with the substrate or it's metabolite. As many substrates and/or their metabolites are chemically reactive, their continued presence may lead to toxicity. Authored: Jassal, B, 2004-11-29 11:42:34

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016344

Edited: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01

Phase II of biotransformation is concerned with conjugation, that is using groups from cofactors to react with functional groups present or introduced from phase I on the compound. The enzymes involved are a set of transferases which perform the transfer of the cofactor group to the substrate. The resultant conjugation results in greatly increasing the excretory potential of compounds. Although most conjugations result in pharmacological inactivation or detoxification, some can result in bioactivation. Most of the phase II enzymes are located in the cytosol except UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), which are microsomal. Phase II reactions are typically much faster than phase I reactions therefore the rate-limiting step for biotransformation of a compound is usually the phase I reaction.
Phase II metabolism can deal with all the products of phase I metabolism, be they reactive (Type I substrate) or unreactive/poorly active (Type II substrate) compounds. With the exception of glutathione, the conjugating species needs to be made chemically reactive after synthesis. The availability of the cofactor in the synthesis may be a rate-limiting factor in some phase II pathways as it may prevent the formation of enough conjugating species to deal with the substrate or it's metabolite. As many substrates and/or their metabolites are chemically reactive, their continued presence may lead to toxicity.

Authored: Jassal, B, 2004-11-29 11:42:34

Reactome, http://www.reactome.org

Pubmed11805192

Phase II conjugation

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606

HINO:0016344

Phase II conjugation

ReactomeREACT_6959

Reactome Database ID Release 43156580

GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0006805

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/INO_0000021

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016335

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016336

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016364

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016350

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016353

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016346