loading...| Preferred Name |
Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds |
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| Definitions |
Edited: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01 Authored: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01 Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with <i><b>functionalization</b></i>, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions.<br>There are two groups of enzymes in phase 1 - oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Oxidoreductases introduce an oxygen atom into or remove electrons from their substrates. The major oxidoreductase enzyme system is called the P450 monooxygenases. Other systems include flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO), cyclooxygenases (COX) and monoamine oxidases (MAO). Hydrolases hydrolyse esters, amides, epoxides and glucuronides. Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2008-05-28 08:30:54 |
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http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016317 |
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| comment |
Edited: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01 Authored: Jassal, B, 2008-05-19 12:57:01 Phase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conjugating species with which to react with. Many xenobiotics are lipophilic and almost chemically inert (e.g. PAHs) so would not necessarily undergo a phase 2 reaction. Making them more chemically reactive would facilitate their excretion but also increases their chance of reacting with cellular macromolecules (e.g. proteins, DNA). There is a fine balance between producing a more reactive metabolite and conjugation reactions. Reviewed: D'Eustachio, P, 2008-05-28 08:30:54 |
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| definition source |
Pubmed12369887 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org Pubmed17125408 Pubmed16584116 |
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| label |
Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds |
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| prefixIRI |
HINO:0016317 |
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| prefLabel |
Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds |
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| seeAlso |
Reactome Database ID Release 43211945 ReactomeREACT_13705 GENE ONTOLOGYGO:0006805 |
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http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0016342 |