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National Cancer Institute Thesaurus
| Preferred Name | Acetylcysteine | |
| Synonyms |
Acetylcysteine L-Alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic Acid N-Acetylcysteine Neo-Fluimucil Muco Sanigen ACETYLCYSTEINE acetylcysteine Broncholysin N-Acetyl-L-cysteine N-Acetyl Cysteine Mucolyticum N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine Fluimucetin N-acetylcysteine Acetadote Airbron Brunac Fabrol Fluatox Fluimucil Fluprowit Mucocedyl Mucolator Mucomyst Mucosolvin Mucret NAC Parvolex Respaire Tixair |
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| Definitions |
A synthetic N-acetyl derivative and prodrug of the endogenous amino acid L-cysteine, a precursor of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), with mucolytic, antioxidant, and potential cytoprotective, cancer-preventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, acetylcysteine exerts its mucolytic activity by reducing disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, resulting in liquification of mucus and reducing its viscosity. It is also used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose as it can restore the depleted GSH reserves in the hepatocytes during the process of detoxification. The antioxidant activity is attributed to the ability of GSH to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing ROS-mediated cell damage, decreasing oxidative stress, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals and preventing apoptosis in these cells. In addition, this may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, progression and survival, in susceptible tumor cells that rely on ROS-mediated signaling for their proliferation and malignant behavior. Under certain circumstances, acetylcysteine is able to induce apoptosis in susceptible cells, including certain tumor cells, via the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway but not involving endoplasmic reticulum stress. Also, acetylcysteine may also be able to degrade Notch2, thereby preventing proliferation, migration, and invasion in Notch2-overexpressing glioblastoma cells. In addition, acetylcysteine may inhibit viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates, thereby producing antiviral activity in HIV patients. Acetylcysteine also possesses anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway and the modulation of cytokine synthesis. |
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| ID |
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C200 |
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| Accepted_Therapeutic_Use_For |
Acetaminophen Overdose
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|
| ALT_DEFINITION |
A drug usually used to reduce the thickness of mucus and ease its removal. It is also used to reverse the toxicity of high doses of acetaminophen.
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| CAS_Registry |
616-91-1
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| CHEBI_ID |
CHEBI:28939
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| Chemical_Formula |
C5H9NO3S
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|
| code |
C200
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|
| Concept_In_Subset |
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C176424 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C157711 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C173381 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C157712 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C173383 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C116978 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C116977 http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C128784 |
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| Contributing_Source |
CTRP FDA GDC
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|
| DEFINITION |
A synthetic N-acetyl derivative and prodrug of the endogenous amino acid L-cysteine, a precursor of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), with mucolytic, antioxidant, and potential cytoprotective, cancer-preventive, and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, acetylcysteine exerts its mucolytic activity by reducing disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, resulting in liquification of mucus and reducing its viscosity. It is also used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose as it can restore the depleted GSH reserves in the hepatocytes during the process of detoxification. The antioxidant activity is attributed to the ability of GSH to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby preventing ROS-mediated cell damage, decreasing oxidative stress, protecting cells against the damaging effects of free radicals and preventing apoptosis in these cells. In addition, this may inhibit tumor cell proliferation, progression and survival, in susceptible tumor cells that rely on ROS-mediated signaling for their proliferation and malignant behavior. Under certain circumstances, acetylcysteine is able to induce apoptosis in susceptible cells, including certain tumor cells, via the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway but not involving endoplasmic reticulum stress. Also, acetylcysteine may also be able to degrade Notch2, thereby preventing proliferation, migration, and invasion in Notch2-overexpressing glioblastoma cells. In addition, acetylcysteine may inhibit viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates, thereby producing antiviral activity in HIV patients. Acetylcysteine also possesses anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway and the modulation of cytokine synthesis.
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|
| Display_Name |
Acetylcysteine
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|
| FDA_UNII_Code |
WYQ7N0BPYC
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|
| FULL_SYN |
Acetylcysteine L-Alpha-acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic Acid N-Acetylcysteine Neo-Fluimucil Muco Sanigen ACETYLCYSTEINE acetylcysteine Broncholysin N-Acetyl-L-cysteine N-Acetyl Cysteine Mucolyticum N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine Fluimucetin N-acetylcysteine Acetadote Airbron Brunac Fabrol Fluatox Fluimucil Fluprowit Mucocedyl Mucolator Mucomyst Mucosolvin Mucret NAC Parvolex Respaire Tixair
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| Is_Value_For_GDC_Property | ||
| label |
Acetylcysteine
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|
| Legacy Concept Name |
Acetylcysteine
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|
| Maps_To |
Acetylcysteine
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| NCI_Drug_Dictionary_ID |
39130
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| NSC Number |
111180
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| PDQ_Closed_Trial_Search_ID |
39130
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| PDQ_Open_Trial_Search_ID |
39130
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| Preferred_Name |
Acetylcysteine
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| prefixIRI |
Thesaurus:C200
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|
| Semantic_Type |
Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Pharmacologic Substance
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| UMLS_CUI |
C0001047
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| subClassOf |
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