loading...| Preferred Name | Retardations, psychosocial mental | |
| Synonyms |
I.Q.; under 20 Retardation, Psychosocial Mental disabilities intellectual Intellectual developmental disorder Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual Development Disorder Mental retardation, profound (I.Q. below 20) mental deficiency 智力下降 Profound mental handicap Nonprogressive intellectual disability under 20; I.Q. intellectual disabilities (history) Psychosocial Mental Retardation DEFICIENCY MENTAL Mental Deficiency 智力缺陷 Mental retardation, nonspecific profound mental retardation Intellectual disabilities Bradyphrenia Deficiency, Mental Mental Retardation Nonprogressive mental retardation disability intellectual Disability, Intellectual Intellectual functioning disability Mental Deficiencies Disorders, Intellectual Development IQ less than 20 Development Disorders, Intellectual Intellectual Development Disorders Profound mental retardation (Intelligence Quotient below 20) Deficiency mental mental deficiencies behavioral disorder; in mental retardation (deep, idiocy) MENTAL DEFICIENCY Disability;intellectual Profound mental retardation with IQ less than 20 Intellectual disability INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Retardations, Psychosocial Mental 智力迟钝 Profound mental retardation (I.Q. below 20) Intellectual functioning disability (finding) Mental retardation (profound) intellectual disabilities (diagnosis) Deficiencies, Mental Profound intellectual development disorder Intellectual development disorder Development Disorder, Intellectual Disabilities, Intellectual Intellectual disability (disorder) Profound mental subnormality Mental deficiency Idiot (mental age less than 2 years) Mental retardation, profound Intellectual limitation Retardation, Mental 智力障碍 intellectual disability developmental disorder; intellectual Mental Retardation, Psychosocial Intellectual Disability Mental retardation intellectual; developmental disorder Profound intellectual disability (disorder) 智能下降 intellectual disabilities Mental Retardations, Psychosocial profoundly mentally retarded Psychosocial Mental Retardations Profound Mental Retardation Disorder, Intellectual Development Mental deficiency NOS Profound intellectual disability Profound mental retardation Dementia IDIOCY Idiocy idiocy 痴傻貌 痴呆 |
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| ID |
http://www.tcmkg.com/ISPO/ISPO_00000075 |
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| database_cross_reference |
UMLS:C0020796 ICD-11:MB23.3 UMLS:C3714756 MeSH:D008607 UMLS:C0917816 |
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| definition |
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. Intellectual disability , also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation , is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. Intellectual functions are defined under DSM-V as reasoning, problem‑solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from instruction and experience, and practical understanding confirmed by both clinical assessment and standardized tests. Adaptive behavior is defined in terms of conceptual, social, and practical skills involving tasks performed by people in their everyday lives. 智力障碍又称智力缺陷，一般指的是由于大脑受到器质性的损害或是由于脑发育不完全从而造成认识活动的持续障碍以及整个心理活动的障碍。由于遗传变异、感染、中毒、头部受伤、颅脑畸形或内分泌异常等有害因素造成胎儿或婴幼儿的大脑不能正常发育或发育不完全，使智力活动的发育停留在某个比较低的阶段中，称为智力迟滞。由于大脑受到物理、化学或病毒、病菌等因素的损伤使原来正常的智力受到损害，造成缺陷，则称痴呆。 Bradyphrenia is the slowness of thought common to many disorders of the brain. Disorders characterized by bradyphrenia include Parkinson's disease and forms of schizophrenia consequently causing a delayed response and fatigue. Patients with bradyphrenia may describe or may manifest slowed thought processes, evidenced by increased latency of response and also involve severe memory impairment and poor motor control. The word 'bradyphrenia' originates from the ancient Greek meaning'slow mind.' 痴呆是指慢性获得性进行性智能障碍综合征。临床上以缓慢出现的智能减退为主要特征，伴有不同程度的人格改变。它是一组临床综合征，而非一种独立的疾病。 Dementia manifests as a set of related symptoms, which usually surface when the brain is damaged by injury or disease. The symptoms involve progressive impairments in memory, thinking, and behavior, which negatively impact a person's ability to function and carry out everyday activities. Aside from memory impairment and a disruption in thought patterns, the most common symptoms include emotional problems, difficulties with language, and decreased motivation. The symptoms may be described as occurring in a continuum over several stages. Consciousness is not affected. Dementia ultimately has a significant effect on the individual, caregivers, and relationships in general. A diagnosis of dementia requires a change from a person's usual mental functioning and a greater cognitive decline than what is caused by normal aging. Several diseases and injuries to the brain, such as a stroke, can give rise to dementia. However, the most common cause is Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder. More than one type of dementia, known as mixed dementia, may exist together in about 10% of dementia cases. The most common type of mixed dementia is Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. This particular type of mixed dementia's main onsets are a mixture of old age, high blood pressure, and damage to blood vessels in the brain. |
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| has_exact_synonym |
I.Q.; under 20 Retardation, Psychosocial Mental disabilities intellectual Intellectual developmental disorder Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual Development Disorder Mental retardation, profound (I.Q. below 20) mental deficiency 智力下降 Profound mental handicap Nonprogressive intellectual disability under 20; I.Q. intellectual disabilities (history) Psychosocial Mental Retardation DEFICIENCY MENTAL Mental Deficiency 智力缺陷 Mental retardation, nonspecific profound mental retardation Intellectual disabilities Bradyphrenia Deficiency, Mental Mental Retardation Nonprogressive mental retardation disability intellectual Disability, Intellectual Intellectual functioning disability Mental Deficiencies Disorders, Intellectual Development IQ less than 20 Development Disorders, Intellectual Intellectual Development Disorders Profound mental retardation (Intelligence Quotient below 20) Deficiency mental mental deficiencies behavioral disorder; in mental retardation (deep, idiocy) MENTAL DEFICIENCY Disability;intellectual Profound mental retardation with IQ less than 20 Intellectual disability INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Retardations, Psychosocial Mental 智力迟钝 Profound mental retardation (I.Q. below 20) Intellectual functioning disability (finding) Mental retardation (profound) intellectual disabilities (diagnosis) Deficiencies, Mental Profound intellectual development disorder Intellectual development disorder Development Disorder, Intellectual Disabilities, Intellectual Intellectual disability (disorder) Profound mental subnormality Mental deficiency Idiot (mental age less than 2 years) Mental retardation, profound Intellectual limitation Retardation, Mental 智力障碍 intellectual disability developmental disorder; intellectual Mental Retardation, Psychosocial Intellectual Disability Mental retardation intellectual; developmental disorder Profound intellectual disability (disorder) 智能下降 intellectual disabilities Mental Retardations, Psychosocial profoundly mentally retarded Psychosocial Mental Retardations Profound Mental Retardation Disorder, Intellectual Development Mental deficiency NOS Profound intellectual disability Profound mental retardation Dementia IDIOCY Idiocy idiocy 痴傻貌 痴呆 |
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symptoms |
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| id |
ISPO:00000075 |
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| label |
Retardations, psychosocial mental |
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| notation |
ISPO:00000075 |
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| prefLabel |
Retardations, psychosocial mental |
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| subClassOf |