loading...| Preferred Name | Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade | |
| Synonyms |
|
|
| Definitions |
Authored: Luo, F, 2005-11-10 11:23:18 Reviewed: Gale M, Jr, 2006-10-31 16:45:01 CpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated. Therefore, unmethylated CpG DNA may signal the presence of microbial infection. Evidence of CpG recognition by TLR9 was demonstrated both in human and mouse, and this type of signaling requires its internalization into late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. TLR9 has been reported to be able to discern different types of CpG motifs, and therefore that it presumably recognizes CpG DNA directly. It appears that over evolutionary periods, TLR9 molecules expressed by different species have diverged. This has led to differences in the precise sequence motif (CpG dinucleotide plus flanking regions) that optimally stimulate the innate immune system of different animals. Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-10-29 |
|
| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0022305 |
|
| comment |
Authored: Luo, F, 2005-11-10 11:23:18 Reviewed: Gale M, Jr, 2006-10-31 16:45:01 CpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated. Therefore, unmethylated CpG DNA may signal the presence of microbial infection. Evidence of CpG recognition by TLR9 was demonstrated both in human and mouse, and this type of signaling requires its internalization into late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. TLR9 has been reported to be able to discern different types of CpG motifs, and therefore that it presumably recognizes CpG DNA directly. It appears that over evolutionary periods, TLR9 molecules expressed by different species have diverged. This has led to differences in the precise sequence motif (CpG dinucleotide plus flanking regions) that optimally stimulate the innate immune system of different animals. Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2010-11-15 Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-10-29 |
|
| definition source |
Pubmed9799232 ISBN0781735149 Reactome, http://www.reactome.org Pubmed11130078 Pubmed7700380 Pubmed11564765 Pubmed11470918 Pubmed14751759 |
|
| label |
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade |
|
| located_in | ||
| prefixIRI |
HINO:0022305 |
|
| prefLabel |
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade |
|
| seeAlso |
ReactomeREACT_9047 Reactome Database ID Release 43168138 |
|
| subClassOf | ||
| has_part |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009199 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0021956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HINO_0009158 |