loading...| Preferred Name |
striatum |
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| Synonyms |
striate nucleus striatum of neuraxis neostriatum neuraxis striatum striatum corpus striatum (Zilles) striated nucleus dorsal striatum corpus striatum caudate putamen |
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| Definitions |
The striatum is the largest nucleus of the basal ganglia. In primates the striatum comprises the [caudate nucleus](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001873) and the [putamen](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001874), and in all mammals, the ventral striatum or [nucleus accumbens](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001882) (Gerfen and Wilson 1996, [Voorn et al. 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271494)). It receives direct input from most regions of the cerebral cortex and limbic structures including the amygdala and hippocampus. Additional input from sensorimotor and motivational regions of the brainstem arrives indirectly via relays in the thalamus. Finally, important modulatory afferents come from substantia nigra pars compacta (dopamine) and the raphe nuclei (serotonin) in the midbrain. The striatum is subdivided into sectors along a ventromedial-dorsolateral continuum largely on the basis of external connectivity ([Voorn et al. 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271494)). All regions of the striatum are divided further into regions of patch/striosomes and matrix, again on the basis of differential connectivity and distribution of neurochemical markers (Gerfen and Wilson 1996). The principal cell type (representing >90% of all neurones) in all striatal regions is the GABAergic medium spiny neuron. Spiny neurons have been separated into two further populations according to which neuroactive peptide they contain (Substance P and dynorphin or enkephalin) and the relative proportions of D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors they express. Striatal medium spiny neurones are GABAergic providing inhibitory inputs to adjacent spiny neurones via local axon collaterals, to the globus pallidus (external), and to both basal ganglia output nuclei. The remaining 5-10% of neurones in the striatum (fewer in rodents, more in primates) are either GABAergic or cholinergic interneurons, which can be distinguished according to neurochemical and in some cases morphological characteristics (for precise details of relative numbers see - [Tepper and Bolam 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15582369)). modified from Peter Redgrave (2007) [Basal Ganglia](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Basal_ganglia). [Scholarpedia](http://www.scholarpedia.org/Scholarpedia) A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]. |
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| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002435 |
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| contributes to morphology of | ||
| database_cross_reference |
ncithesaurus:Striatum Wikipedia:Striatum BTO:0000418 EFO:0000109 EMAPA:17549 BIRNLEX:1672 BAMS:Striatum neuronames:225 MESH:D017072 UMLS:C0162512 NCIT:C111122 BAMS:STR BAMS:Str BM:N DHBA:10333 DMBA:15851 FMA:77618 FMA:83683 HBA:4277 MA:0000891 MBA:477 PBA:10080 |
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| definition |
The striatum is the largest nucleus of the basal ganglia. In primates the striatum comprises the [caudate nucleus](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001873) and the [putamen](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001874), and in all mammals, the ventral striatum or [nucleus accumbens](http://knowledge-space.org/wiki/UBERON:0001882) (Gerfen and Wilson 1996, [Voorn et al. 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271494)). It receives direct input from most regions of the cerebral cortex and limbic structures including the amygdala and hippocampus. Additional input from sensorimotor and motivational regions of the brainstem arrives indirectly via relays in the thalamus. Finally, important modulatory afferents come from substantia nigra pars compacta (dopamine) and the raphe nuclei (serotonin) in the midbrain. The striatum is subdivided into sectors along a ventromedial-dorsolateral continuum largely on the basis of external connectivity ([Voorn et al. 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15271494)). All regions of the striatum are divided further into regions of patch/striosomes and matrix, again on the basis of differential connectivity and distribution of neurochemical markers (Gerfen and Wilson 1996). The principal cell type (representing >90% of all neurones) in all striatal regions is the GABAergic medium spiny neuron. Spiny neurons have been separated into two further populations according to which neuroactive peptide they contain (Substance P and dynorphin or enkephalin) and the relative proportions of D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors they express. Striatal medium spiny neurones are GABAergic providing inhibitory inputs to adjacent spiny neurones via local axon collaterals, to the globus pallidus (external), and to both basal ganglia output nuclei. The remaining 5-10% of neurones in the striatum (fewer in rodents, more in primates) are either GABAergic or cholinergic interneurons, which can be distinguished according to neurochemical and in some cases morphological characteristics (for precise details of relative numbers see - [Tepper and Bolam 2004](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15582369)). modified from Peter Redgrave (2007) [Basal Ganglia](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Basal_ganglia). [Scholarpedia](http://www.scholarpedia.org/Scholarpedia) |
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| delineatedBy | ||
| depiction |
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/BrainCaudatePutamen.svg |
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| external_ontology_notes |
FMA divides 'striatum of neuraxis' into 4, neostriatum is seperate class. In NIF these are synonyms. TODO - check striatum vs corpus striatum see Wikipedia:Striatum#History. Check caudoputamen |
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| has exact synonym |
striate nucleus striatum of neuraxis neostriatum neuraxis striatum striatum |
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| has_obo_namespace |
uberon |
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| has_related_synonym |
corpus striatum (Zilles) striated nucleus dorsal striatum corpus striatum caudate putamen |
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| has_relational_adjective |
striatal |
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| id |
UBERON:0002435 |
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| in_subset | ||
| label |
striatum |
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| notation |
UBERON:0002435 |
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| part_of |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000369 |
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| prefLabel |
striatum |
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| treeView |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000369 |
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| mutually_spatially_disjoint_with | ||
| subClassOf |