loading...| Preferred Name |
cerebellum |
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| Synonyms |
epencephalon-1 infratentorial region parencephalon corpus cerebelli |
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| Definitions |
Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. from Scholarpedia - [Cerebellum](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Cerebellum) The cerebellum derives its name as a diminutive of the word "cerebrum". This is particularly explicit in German, where the cerebellum is called Kleinhirn ("small brain"). This structure, present in all vertebrates, occupies a position immediately behind the tectal plate and straddles the midline as a bridge over the fourth ventricle. In addition, it is the only region of the nervous system to span the midline without interruption. Technically, the output of the cerebellum is exclusively inhibitory through the Purkinje neurons onto the cerebellar nuclei, but the cerebellar nucleus exerts both excitatory and inhibitory influences, on the thalamus and on the Inferior Olive, respectively (Ruigrok and Voogd, 1995). The cerebellum has undergone enormous elaboration throughout phylogeny, in fact, more so than any other region of the central nervous system (CNS), but has maintained its initial neuronal structure, almost invariant. Thus, its size but not its wiring has changed with CNS evolution. As an example, the cerebellar cortex in a frog has an area approximately 12 mm2 that is, 4 mm wide (in the mediolateral direction) and 3 mm long (in the rostrocaudal direction). In humans, the cerebellar cortex is a single continuous sheet with an area of 500 cm2 (1,000 mm long and 50 mm wide) . This is 4 x 10^3 times more extensive than that of a frog (Braitenberg & Atwood, 1958). The increase in cortical extent has resulted in folding into very deep folia (Figure 2), allowing this enormous surface to be packed into a volume of 6 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm. Because the cerebellar cortex extends mainly rostro-caudally, most of the foldings occur in that direction. Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. |
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| ID |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002037 |
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| capable of | ||
| contributes to morphology of | ||
| database_cross_reference |
UMLS:C1268981 AAO:0010485 ZFA:0000100 EHDAA2:0000232 NCIT:C12445 EMAPA:17787 CALOHA:TS-0125 BTO:0000232 MIAA:0000110 XAO:0003098 VHOG:0000024 MAT:0000110 Wikipedia:Cerebellum SCTID:180924008 UMLS:C0007765 neuronames:643 BIRNLEX:1489 TAO:0000100 MESH:D002531 EFO:0000327 BAMS:CB BAMS:Cb BM:CB DHBA:10656 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 HBA:4696 MA:0000198 MBA:512 |
|
| definition |
Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. from Scholarpedia - [Cerebellum](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Cerebellum) The cerebellum derives its name as a diminutive of the word "cerebrum". This is particularly explicit in German, where the cerebellum is called Kleinhirn ("small brain"). This structure, present in all vertebrates, occupies a position immediately behind the tectal plate and straddles the midline as a bridge over the fourth ventricle. In addition, it is the only region of the nervous system to span the midline without interruption. Technically, the output of the cerebellum is exclusively inhibitory through the Purkinje neurons onto the cerebellar nuclei, but the cerebellar nucleus exerts both excitatory and inhibitory influences, on the thalamus and on the Inferior Olive, respectively (Ruigrok and Voogd, 1995). The cerebellum has undergone enormous elaboration throughout phylogeny, in fact, more so than any other region of the central nervous system (CNS), but has maintained its initial neuronal structure, almost invariant. Thus, its size but not its wiring has changed with CNS evolution. As an example, the cerebellar cortex in a frog has an area approximately 12 mm2 that is, 4 mm wide (in the mediolateral direction) and 3 mm long (in the rostrocaudal direction). In humans, the cerebellar cortex is a single continuous sheet with an area of 500 cm2 (1,000 mm long and 50 mm wide) . This is 4 x 10^3 times more extensive than that of a frog (Braitenberg & Atwood, 1958). The increase in cortical extent has resulted in folding into very deep folia (Figure 2), allowing this enormous surface to be packed into a volume of 6 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm. Because the cerebellar cortex extends mainly rostro-caudally, most of the foldings occur in that direction. |
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| delineatedBy | ||
| depiction |
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Cerebellum_NIH.png |
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| develops_from | ||
| dubious_for_taxon | ||
| external_definition |
Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] |
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| external_ontology_notes |
almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem |
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| has exact synonym |
epencephalon-1 |
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| has_broad_synonym |
infratentorial region |
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| has_obo_namespace |
uberon |
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| has_related_synonym |
parencephalon corpus cerebelli |
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| has_relational_adjective |
cerebellar |
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| homology_notes |
However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] |
|
| id |
UBERON:0002037 |
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| in_subset |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#human_reference_atlas http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#efo_slim http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#vertebrate_core |
|
| label |
cerebellum |
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| never_in_taxon | ||
| notation |
UBERON:0002037 |
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| only in taxon | ||
| part_of | ||
| prefixIRI |
UBERON:0002037 |
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| prefLabel |
cerebellum |
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| present_in_taxon | ||
| taxon_notes |
The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] |
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| treeView |
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006215 |
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| mutually_spatially_disjoint_with | ||
| subClassOf |