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Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource
Last uploaded:
July 19, 2024
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| Id | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002067
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002067
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|---|---|
| Preferred Name | type A enteroendocrine cell |
| Definitions |
An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.
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| Type | http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class |
All Properties
| definition | An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon. |
|---|---|
| preferred label |
type A enteroendocrine cell
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| label |
type A enteroendocrine cell
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| prefLabel |
type A enteroendocrine cell
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| description |
This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies to only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.
Type A enteroendocrine cells, also known as alpha cells or A cells, are a species of endocrine cells primarily located in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans; they have also been identified within the lining of the stomach. Functionally, these cells are pivotal in glucose metabolism and homeostasis, accounting for about 20% of the total population of cells in the pancreatic islets.
The primary role of type A enteroendocrine cells involves the synthesis, storage, and secretion of the peptide hormone glucagon, which is critical in energy regulation throughout the body. In response to a decrease in blood glucose levels, the pancreatic A cells are stimulated to secrete glucagon into the bloodstream. Glucagon acts on its target cells, mainly in the liver, to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis processes, thereby increasing blood glucose levels back to normal. In this way, pancreatic A cells play an integral role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and preventing hypoglycemia.
Pancreatic A cells also participate in the local regulation of islet activities as glucagon acts through glucagon receptors on A, B and D type cells within the islets. Recent studies have also shown that Pancreatic A cells play a role in the generation and regeneration of B type cells. Following beta cell injuries pancreatic A cells increase in numbers and produce Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which increases the proliferation and cytoprotection of beta cells. In response to extreme injury of B type cells pancreatic A cells can transform (transdifferentiate) into functioning B type cells.
Until recently, glucagon has been considered a pancreas-specific hormone; however, extrapancreatic glucagon has been reported in patients who had undergone complete, and glucagon-positive cells been identified in the human stomach, indicating that Type A enteroendocrine cells are not restricted to the pancreas.
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| creation_date |
2010-09-10T10:48:54Z
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| contributor | |
| note |
An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon.
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| prefixIRI |
CL:0002067
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| subClassOf | |
| type |
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