Epileptic_Seizure_Event

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Epileptic_Seizure_Event

This is a list of epileptic seizure types. The signs and symptoms contained within them are their semiology. So hasSemiology would be a good relationship but the label semiology has nothing to do with what is contained in this box which are epileptic seizure types.

Epileptic_Seizure_Event

ILAE 1969 Clinical Seizure Type Bancaud 1981 Unclassified epileptic seizures: includes all seizures that cannot be classified because of inadequate or incomplete data and some that defy classification (e.g. includes some neonatal seizures w/ rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swimming movements) Preictal Repeated epileptic seizures: 1) fortuitous attacks, coming unexpectedly and w/o any apparent provocation 2) cyclic attacks, at more or less regular intervals (relation to menstrual, sleep wake cycle 3) attacks provoked by non sensory factors (fatigue, alcohol, emotion) or sensory factors (reflex seizures) Ictal Grand mal, petit mal, hysteroid Status Epilepticus: prolonged or repetitive seizures, when a seizure persists for a sufficient legit of time or repeated frequently enough that recovery between attacks does not occur 1) Partial: jacksonian 2) Generalized: absence status or tonic-clonic status Epilepsia Partialis continua: continuous focal motor seizure activity (without a march, usually clonic spasms, confined to body part of origin, persist w/ little or no intermission for hours or days at a stretch, consciousness preserved, postictal weakness is frequently evident Post-ictal Postictal (Todd's) Paralysis: refers to transient paralysis that may occur following some partial epileptic seizure with focal motor components or somatosensory symptoms, ascribed to neuronal exhaustion due to increased metabolic activity of discharging focus, but may also be attributable to increased inhibition in the region of focus, which may account for its appearance in non-motor somatosensory seizures ILAE 1989 Type of seizure Diurnal and Circadian Clusters at intervals, random Postictal: confusion, amnesia, gradual recovery, Todd's paralysis Trigger: sleep Jacksonian spread, confined Migrainous headache bilateral, single, repetitive, arrhythmic, irregular myoclonic jerks Nonspecific precipitated: sleeplessness, alcohol/drug withdrawal, hyperventilation Luders 1998 Classification based on predominant clinical manifestation Paroxysmal: not sufficient evidence to assume a seizure like event was of epileptic nature EEG can be used to determine whether an episode is epileptic or not Non-epileptic events are classified only as "paroxysmal events" Status Epilepticus: replace any seizure with status in the name Blume 2001: A seizure will often consist of two or more phenomena occurring simultaneously or sequentially and should be described accordingly 1.0 Semiology: branch of linguistics concerned with signs & symptoms 2.0 Epileptic seizure: manifestation(s) of epileptic (excessive and/or hyper synchronous), usually self-limited activity of neurons in the brain. 3.0 Ictus: A sudden neurologic occurrence such as a stroke or an epileptic seizure Engel 2001 Self-Limited Seizure Type Engel 2001 & 2006: Axis 1: Ictal semiology can be used to describe ictal events w/ any degree of detail needed for clinical/research purposes Onset and evolution not necessary but helpful Axis 2: Seizure type from list of epileptic seizures Reflex epilepsy syndrome: A syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. Reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that also are associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. Isolated reflex seizures also can occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. Seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures Focal seizures and syndromes: Replaces the terms partial seizures and localization-related syndromes Reflex seizures in generalized epilepsy syndromes Secondarily gerneralized seizures Status epilepticus or continua Precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures: Visual stimuli (flickering light-color to be specified when possible, patterns, other visual stimuli, thinking, music, eating, praxis, somatosensory, proprioceptive, reading, hot water, startle) Blume 2003 Precipitating factor: (sleep loss, alcohol withdrawal, flashing lights) presence of others, situation (awake or asleep) Timing: duration (1-5 min), onset (sudden), sequence of symptoms (stereotyped), termination (spontaneous) Sequelae: injury (freq, mild; scalp, face, common), postictal (tired, confused, sleeps) Determination hinges on seizure description Catamenial: refers to the appearance or worsening of seizures in the perimenstrual period or, rarely, in the entire second half of the menstrual period if no progesterone is secreted ("inadequate luteal phase" syndrome). This relates to a chift of the ratio between estrogen (proepileptogenic) and progesterone (anti-epileptogenic). SIGN 2005 Convulsive status epileptics: epileptic activity persisting for 30 minutes, causing a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. Early treatment before admission to a hospital reduces the length of seizure and leads to the use of fewer drugs Epileptic seizure: a clinical manifestation of epileptic (excessive and/or hyper synchronous), usually self limiting, activity of neurons in the brain Generalized seizure: an epileptic seizure whose initial semiology indicates more than minimal involvement of both cerebral hemispheres Seizure: paroxysmal disturbance of brain function that may be epileptic, syncopal (anoxic) or due to other mechanisms Semiology: initial symptoms, sign, and their sequence Status Epilepticus: describes a situation where there is recurrent or continuous seizure activity lasting longer than 30 minutes during which the person does not regain consciousness Engel 2001 Axis 2 is the epileptic seizure type, or types, experienced by the patient, derived from a list of accepted seizure types that represent diagnostic entities with etiologic, therapeutic, and/or prognostic implications. Localization within the brain should be specified when this is appropriate, and in the case of reflex seizures, the specific stimulus also will be specified here. The Task Force has constructed a list of accepted epileptic seizure types, including forms of status epilepticus, and precipitating factors for reflex seizures (Table 3). Seizure types have been divided into self-limited seizures and continuous seizures, and further divided into generalized seizures and focal seizures, but it is anticipated that other approaches to organization, categorization, and classification of seizure types will be devised for specific purposes. Asix 2: Seizure type: from the List of Epileptic Seizures. Localization within the brain and precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures should be specified when appropriate. Axis 2 is diagnosis of specific seizure type(s). The concept of seizure type as a diagnostic entity, rather than merely a description of clinical behavior and EEG, as in the current 1981 seizure classification (Commission of ILAE, 1981), is a new concept (Engel, 2001). The intention is that the seizure-type diagnosis will have implications with respect to etiology, approaches to diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prognosis. One criticism of the ILAE approach to classification is that syndromic diagnoses often cannot be made. The establishment of seizure types as diagnostic entities makes it possible for patient management and prognosis to be derived from a diagnosis of a specific seizure type when a syndromic diagnosis is not evident. Recognized seizure types are listed in Table 3. Whereas there remains controversy regarding some seizure types, particularly focal seizures that occur mostly in older children and adults, there is general agreement on those seizure types that occur in infancy and early childhood. Criteria for evaluating epileptic seizure types could include pathophysiologic mechanisms; anatomic substrates; response to AEDs; ictal EEG patterns; propagation; postictal features: and the epilepsy syndromes in which they occur. 2010 Berg provoking or triggering factors, patterns of seizure occurrence with respect to sleep natural evolution of seizure types 2014 Fischer An epileptic seizure is a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. A seizure that is provoked by a transient factor acting on an otherwise normal brain to temporarily lower the seizure threshold does not count toward a diagnosis of epilepsy.

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Engel_2001_2.01_Epileptic_Seizure_Type

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Blume_2001_I_1.0_Semiology

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Engel_2001_Self-Limited_Seizure_Types

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Epileptic_Event

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Luders_1998_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Blume_2001_I_3.0_Ictus

http://www.semanticweb.org/rjyy/ontologies/2015/5/ESSO#Blume_2001_I_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure