Cell Ontology

Last uploaded: February 13, 2024
Preferred Name

parathyroid gland

Synonyms

parathyroid

parathyroid secreting cell

epithelial body

Definitions

The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism.

ID

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132

capable of

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035898

capable of part of

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055074

database_cross_reference

SCTID:181121007

BTO:0000997

EMAPA:32812

VHOG:0001188

Wikipedia:Parathyroid_gland

MAT:0000082

EFO:0000862

UMLS:C0030518

MIAA:0000082

AAO:0010545

NCIT:C12765

MESH:D010280

XAO:0000167

CALOHA:TS-0745

EV:0100134

FMA:13890

GAID:452

MA:0000128

definition

The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism.

has_exact_synonym

parathyroid

has_obo_namespace

uberon

has_related_synonym

parathyroid secreting cell

epithelial body

id

UBERON:0001132

in_subset

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#organ_slim

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#pheno_slim

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#uberon_slim

label

parathyroid gland

notation

UBERON:0001132

only in taxon

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523

prefLabel

parathyroid gland

UBPROP_0000001

Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO]

Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG]

UBPROP_0000003

The evolution of the tetrapods, and the shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, was believed to have required new controls for regulating calcium homeostasis, and thus the evolution of parathyroid glands (...) both the tetrapod parathyroid and the gills of fish contribute to the regulation of extracellular calcium levels. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the parathyroid gland evolved as a result of the transformation of the gills into the parathyroid glands of tetrapods and the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. This interpretation would also explain the positioning of the parathyroid gland within the pharynx in the tetrapod body. Were the parathyroid gland to have emerged de novo with the evolution of the tetrapods it could, as an endocrine organ, have been placed anywhere in the body and still exert its effect.[well established][VHOG]

UBPROP_0000008

Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP]

UBPROP_0000011

In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch

table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity.

subClassOf

http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002368

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Delete Mapping To Ontology Source
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 UBERON SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBA SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 EFO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OAE SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBI_BCGO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 DOID SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 BERO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 HHEAR SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBA SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 UPHENO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 NIFSTD SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 KTAO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 MAXO SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 GO-PLUS SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 FNS-H SAME_URI
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 UBERON LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBA LOOM
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/RCD/7N104 RCD LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000997 DTO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000997 BTO LOOM
http://radlex.org/RID/RID7587 RADLEX LOOM
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/CSP/2215-7590 CRISP LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/EMAPA_32812 EMAPA LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MA_0000128 MA LOOM
http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13890 FMA LOOM
http://www.semanticweb.org/hx-jta/ontologies/thyroid_cancer_ontology#Parathyroid_Gland TCO LOOM
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C12765 NCIT LOOM
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/LNC/LP206704-1 LOINC LOOM
http://sbmi.uth.tmc.edu/ontology/ochv#9301 OCHV LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C12765 BERO LOOM
http://www.co-ode.org/ontologies/galen#ParathyroidGland GALEN LOOM
http://purl.org/obo/owlapi/fma#FMA_13890 BIOMODELS LOOM
http://sbmi.uth.tmc.edu/ontology/ochv#C0030518 OCHV LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/VHOG_0001188 VHOG LOOM
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#Parathyroid_Gland SYN LOOM
http://www.projecthalo.com/aura#Parathyroid-Gland AURA LOOM
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/LNC/LP206703-3 LOINC LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 EFO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OAE LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBI_BCGO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 DOID LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 HHEAR LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 OBA LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 UPHENO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 NIFSTD LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 KTAO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 MAXO LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 GO-PLUS LOOM
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001132 FNS-H LOOM