A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction composed of Oldenlandia, Kuh-seng, Codonopsis pilosula, bighead atractylodes rhizome, smoked plum, the rhizome of Chinese goldthread, rhizome zingiberis preparata and semen Coicis, with potential chemopreventive and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of Xiaoai Jiedu decoction, the active ingredients in this decoction may inhibit a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in carcinogenesis. This may induce cell cycle arrest and tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell formation and proliferation.