Indicators

We found different ways to measure the level of adherence of a medicated patient. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and some show greater objectivity than others. In addition, some methods have more limitations when it comes to being implemented: either because they require a larger budget, because they require a complex infrastructure, because a certain cognitive level or skills are required to perform the measurement correctly... [1] Of all the possible existing methods for studying adherence in research, clinical practice and epidemiological studies, Lee C et al. conclude that the most commonly used are self-evaluation methods (questionnaires, scales...), "electronic measures", data extracted from insurance claims and prescription renewals, and pill counts. However, as we have already commented, since each method has a number of advantages and disadvantages and not all are applicable under all circumstances, it is necessary to admit that there is no single correct way to measure adherence and no independent and completely conclusive indicator, but that it is necessary to triangulate often between several of them [2]. Here we analyze methods of different types: direct and indirect, with different degrees of objectivity, in which the physical presence of the patient is required before the health personnel or not, they can be written or verbal and they can be methods of continuous or discontinuous measurement in time. We consider that these methods are disjointed from each other since each type of indicator has a series of specific properties that make some methods more recommended in some circumstances than others. [1] Rodríguez Chamorro, M. Á., García-Jiménez, E., Gil, A. B., Chamorro, A. R., Pérez Merino, E. M., Faus Dáder, M. J., & Martínez Martínez, F. (2009). Herramientas para identificar el incumplimiento farmacoterapéutico desde la farmacia comunitaria Tools for the identification by community pharmacies of pharmacotherapeutic non-compliance. Pharmaceutical Care España, 11(4), 183–191. [2] Lee, C. S., Tan, J. H. M., Sankari, U., Koh, Y. L. E., & Tan, N. C. (2017). Assessing oral medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with polytherapy in a developed Asian community: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(9), e016317. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016317 The indicators are part of the EMERGE Guide to Adherence to Medication (Item 1c). [1] Grounded, A. R. G. E. (2018). ESPACOMP Medication Adherence Reporting Guideline (EMERGE). Ann Intern Med, 169, 30-35.

http://www.semanticweb.org/parracarlos/ontologies/2019/3/untitled-ontology-31#Indicators

We found different ways to measure the level of adherence of a medicated patient. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and some show greater objectivity than others. In addition, some methods have more limitations when it comes to being implemented: either because they require a larger budget, because they require a complex infrastructure, because a certain cognitive level or skills are required to perform the measurement correctly... [1] Of all the possible existing methods for studying adherence in research, clinical practice and epidemiological studies, Lee C et al. conclude that the most commonly used are self-evaluation methods (questionnaires, scales...), "electronic measures", data extracted from insurance claims and prescription renewals, and pill counts. However, as we have already commented, since each method has a number of advantages and disadvantages and not all are applicable under all circumstances, it is necessary to admit that there is no single correct way to measure adherence and no independent and completely conclusive indicator, but that it is necessary to triangulate often between several of them [2]. Here we analyze methods of different types: direct and indirect, with different degrees of objectivity, in which the physical presence of the patient is required before the health personnel or not, they can be written or verbal and they can be methods of continuous or discontinuous measurement in time. We consider that these methods are disjointed from each other since each type of indicator has a series of specific properties that make some methods more recommended in some circumstances than others. [1] Rodríguez Chamorro, M. Á., García-Jiménez, E., Gil, A. B., Chamorro, A. R., Pérez Merino, E. M., Faus Dáder, M. J., & Martínez Martínez, F. (2009). Herramientas para identificar el incumplimiento farmacoterapéutico desde la farmacia comunitaria Tools for the identification by community pharmacies of pharmacotherapeutic non-compliance. Pharmaceutical Care España, 11(4), 183–191. [2] Lee, C. S., Tan, J. H. M., Sankari, U., Koh, Y. L. E., & Tan, N. C. (2017). Assessing oral medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with polytherapy in a developed Asian community: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(9), e016317. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016317

The indicators are part of the EMERGE Guide to Adherence to Medication (Item 1c). [1] Grounded, A. R. G. E. (2018). ESPACOMP Medication Adherence Reporting Guideline (EMERGE). Ann Intern Med, 169, 30-35.

Indicators

Indicators

http://www.semanticweb.org/parracarlos/ontologies/2019/3/untitled-ontology-31#Medication_adherence